Apparatus and method for the treatment of gas

专利摘要:
Apparatus for degrading a gaseous substance in exhaled air from patients comprising a gas flow line along which there is a) an inlet arrangement, b) a decomposition unit, with a chamber for decomposing the substance, and c) an outlet arrangement. The characteristic feature is the presence of a control arrangement for gas comprising a) a gradually adjustable function, e.g. a fan, for adjusting the flow through the chamber, and b) any diverting function which allows adjustment of the gas pressure upstream of the adjustable function. An apparatus of the same kind as in the preceding paragraph in which the chamber is combined with a regenerative heat exchanger. Method requirements are also included.
公开号:SE1000923A1
申请号:SE1000923
申请日:2009-12-14
公开日:2010-09-10
发明作者:Istvan Szabo；Berton Arespaang
申请人:Nordic Gas Cleaning Ab；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

2 PCT / SE2009 / 00513 Translation is closely integrated with a regenerative heat exchanger. Unwanted puffs containing the gaseous substance in the effluent gas are taken downstream of the chamber in a puff filter.
Reference figures in the figures contain three figures. The first digit refers to the number of the figure and the second and third digits to the specific part. Corresponding parts in different som gures usually have the same second and third e-digit. Dotted lines represent the transmission of data / signals between different functions along the line of destiny and the parts of the control unit located in the control block. Regenerative heat exchangers were incorrectly called recuperative heat exchangers in the Swedish priority application.
BACKGROUND TECHNOLOGY Nitrogen oxide is considered an air pollutant which is at least 300 times more effective than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas. It is also considered dangerous for people who are exposed to it during work (eg doctors, dentists, nurses, etc.). Occupational hygiene limit values have been set at 25 ppm In healthcare, nitrous oxide is used in surgery, dental care, during childbirth, etc.
The typical patient is allowed to inhale a gas mixture in which the main component is nitrous oxide (approximately 20-70% v / v) and oxygen (= inhaled air). When an improved anesthetic effect is desired, the gas mixture contains an anesthetic substance in the gaseous form (usually <2% v / v). The composition of air exhaled by a patient who has received these types of gases is essentially the same as the inhaled air except that it contains an elevated level of moisture (water) and carbon dioxide. The exhaled air from a patient who has inhaled a gas which contains nitrous oxide is typically diluted with normal air before it is further treated, e.g. in an apparatus for decomposing nitrous oxide and / or being released to ambient air.
Nitrous oxide is also found in gases formed in certain process industries and as exhaust gases from vehicles based on fossil fuels (cars, buses and the like). However, the concentrations and amounts of nitrous oxide in such gases are generally significantly lower than in gases used in the healthcare sector. Solutions for lowering the level of nitrous oxide in exhaust gases from process industries, cars and the like are usually not easily transferable to the healthcare sector.
Apparatus for removing substances of the kind specified above from gases derived from 10 15 20 25 30 3 PCT / SE2009 / 00513 Translation medical units have been previously described. Based on ur gures 1-3, previously known devices have generally included: a) an inlet arrangement (l04,204,304) which in the upstream direction is capable of being in simultaneous gas fl fate communication with a plurality of patients (one, two, three or fl your patients) , b) a decomposition flow unit (105,205,305) in which there is a decomposition flow chamber (106) capable of decomposing the gaseous substance discussed above, typically by catalysis, c) an outlet arrangement (107,207,307 ) in gas flow communication with ambient air, and d) a gas line (101, 201, 301) passing through a), b) and c) in the order indicated and having an inlet end (102,202,302) and an outlet end (103,203,303).
In other words, the decomposition unit (105,205,305) is in the upstream direction in gas fl destiny communication with the inlet arrangement (10,204,304) and in the downstream direction with the outlet arrangement (1,07,207,307). The decomposition unit has typically also included a heating arrangement to provide sufficient decomposition temperature in the chamber during the decomposition time, e.g. during the contact between the catalyst and the gas that fl wastes through the chamber. In apparatus for treating anesthetic gases containing nitrous oxide and an anesthetic substance, it has been considered important to include a separate unit for removing the anesthetic substance by adsorption in a position upstream of the nitrous oxide degradation unit or chamber.
Some previous publications are: Anesthetic gases: DE 42087521 (Carl Heyer GmbH), DE 4308940 (Carl Heyer GmbH), US 7,235,222 (Showa Denko KK), US 4,259,303 (Kuraray Co., Ltd), WO 2006059606 (Showa Denko KK), WO 2002026355 (Showa Denko KK), JP publ No. 55-031463 (Kuraray Co., Ltd), JP publ no. 56-011067 (Kuraray Co., Ltd).
Gases containing nitrous oxide without anesthetic substance (obstetric care and emergency care US 7,235,222 (Showa Denko KK), WO 2006059606 (Showa Denko KK), WO 2002026355 (Showa Denko KK).
Undefined use in the filtration of gases containing nitrous oxide: IP publ No. 2006230795 (Asahi Kasei Chemils Corp).
Commercially available devices for treating nitrous oxide are expensive and relatively complex and bulky. Translation 20 20 PC 30 / SE2009 / '005 l 3 Translation. In many cases they are impractical and / or inaccessible to use and install. There is a desire to improve devices for the decomposition of nitrous oxide which offer / are: a) a high degree of automation with respect to the adjustment of process parameters, such as i) reactor temperature and temperature in the exhaust gas, and / or ii) gas pressure and / or gas fl fate in the reactor, etc., b) reliability in terms of the decomposition of nitrous oxide to harmless products including achieving zero or only trace levels of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas (primarily nitrous oxide and NOX where x is an integer 1 or 2), c) cheap and easy to buy, install and use, d) compact, e) easy to connect and adapt to different numbers of patients, preferably by self-sensing when the number of patients connected to the device changes and / or automatically adapt- process parameters such as gas pressure and / or gas fl fate in positions that are upstream of the decomposition unit, ie in the inlet arrangement, f) Service-friendly, e.g. easy to replace filters, catalyst materials, etc., g) increased cost-effectiveness with respect to catalyst utilization, energy input, etc.
Cited patents and patent applications, especially U.S. variants, are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
A news review carried out by the Swedish Patent Office in the Swedish priority application 0802648-6 has cited a) WO 02/26355 (Showa Denko) and GB 2059934 (Kuraray) because they describe devices for degrading anesthetic gases, and b) WO 2006 / l24578 ( Anesthetic Gas Reclamation LLC) because in the same field it describes devices that are connected to a variety of patients. These three publications are scarce with respect to the control of process parameters for the decomposition of the above-mentioned gaseous substances.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION The objects of the invention are to provide solutions to problems associated with removing the gaseous substances discussed above from exhaled air from patients who have inhaled air containing one or more of these substances. Special objectives are to at least partially address one or more of the wishes (a) - (g) discussed in the preceding paragraphs. 10 15 20 25 30 PCTfSE2009 / 005 13 Translation Other objects of the invention are to provide solutions to similar problems with respect to undesirable gaseous components in gases in general.
THE INVENTION It has now been realized that it is advantageous to design apparatus of the type defined in the introductory part with a gas control arrangement and / or a control unit capable of supporting that flow through the decomposition chamber a) can be automatically maintained while the catalyst is heated independently of whether a patient is connected or not, and b) can be automatically adapted to changes in the number of connected patients. This type of design can be advantageously combined with other features in the manner described below.
It has also been realized that the construction and design of compact appliances and units for decomposition is facilitated if the unit for decomposition is allowed to comprise a regenerative heat exchanger closely associated with the decomposition chamber.
It has also been realized that the use of a decomposition unit which comprises a decomposition chamber in combination with a regenerative heat exchanger entails a risk of puffs of the gaseous substance in the exhaust gas from the unit. Solutions to this problem have also been invented.
It has also been recognized that effective catalysts for the decomposition of nitrous oxide can be selected from catalysts with broad specificity for the decomposition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This opens up a potential possibility for catalytic decomposition of nitrous oxide and VOC using the same catalyst.
MAIN ASPECTS OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the invention relates to apparatus and decomposition units of the type defined above under the heading "Background technology", and a method and use of the apparatus and units for removing unwanted gaseous substances of the type discussed above from gas containing such an air, primarily exhaled containing the substance.
A characteristic feature of a main aspect (1 sta) regarding apparatus is that the apparatus (10000, 300) comprises an arrangement for regulating gas, e.g. as above, which is capable of 10 15 20 25 30 6 PCT / SE2009 / 005 13 Translation support gas flow through the decomposition chamber (l06,206,3 06) regardless of the number of patients connected to the device. In this context, the number of patients refers to none, one, two or more. The flow increases with increasing number of patients connected to the device, decreases with decreasing number of patients and with a minimum when no patients are connected. Flow minimum is called threshold flow (threshold value). Since heating is typically fed in order for the decomposition process to take place, this feature enables heating to the process / working temperature to be maintained when the number of patients changes. The feature also allows heating when no patients are connected, typically to maintain the temperature in the chamber (106,206,306) above room temperature but below the process temperature, such as 2,50 ° C or 2,100 ° C or 2,200 ° C or 2,300 ° C and / or with a reduction in temperature of 200 ° C or 250 ° C or 2,100 ° C or 2,200 ° C or 2,300 ° C below the process temperature, or to maintain the process temperature.
All in all, this means shortened and simplified procedures for start-up after periods when no patients have been available.
The term “flow” above and elsewhere in the text refers to volumetric de fate (gas volume / unit of time) unless otherwise indicated by the context. The term does not include zero-fl fate which is non-fl fate or static conditions.
In preferred variants, the gas control arrangement is capable of maintaining negative pressure within a preset range around a desired value (target value for negative pressure) in a part of the fate line (101,201,201) in the inlet arrangement.
Negative pressure in the previous paragraph and elsewhere in the text is negative pressure relative to ambient atmospheric pressure, such as ambient air or other external gas source in gas communication with the part of the fl fate line that is associated with the inlet arrangement (eg via a drain valve) .
In preferred variants of this main aspect regarding the apparatus (1 sta) there is a control unit as above to ensure that there is always gas flow as below through the decomposition chamber (l06,206,306) regardless of the number of patients connected to the apparatus (100 , 200,3 00) and / or for control and / or adjustment of one or more process parameters and / or device functions. 10 15 20 25 30 7 PCT / SE2009 / 00513 Translation A characteristic feature of another main aspect of apparatus (2dra) is that the decomposition unit (205) in the apparatus (200) comprises a regenerative heat exchanger (22la, b) as below.
A characteristic feature of yet another main aspect of the apparatus (3 dj e) is that the decomposition chamber (105,205,305) in the apparatus (100,200,300) comprises a catalyst capable of degrading the physiologically active substance present in exhaled air without formation of unacceptable levels of unwanted products in gases leaving the decomposition chamber (106, 206,306) or the outlet end (1,020,203,303) of the flow line (101,20l, 30l). In preferred variants, this means catalysts capable of degrading both nitrous oxide and VOC.
Aspects relating to the degradation unit have as their most generic characteristic feature that they comprise one or both of the features given for the second and third device aspects. See the previous two paragraphs and below.
Sub-aspects of these main aspects of apparatus and aspects of decomposition unit have characteristic features according to the various embodiments described below.
GAS CONTROL ARRANGEMENTS The gas control arrangement includes i) a function (l08,208,308) to create and change (increase and decrease) the flow rate of gas passing into the decomposition chamber (106,206,306), and / or ii) a valve (nication ( 109,209,309) associated with the fl fate line in the inlet arrangement for the entry of gas from the ambient atmosphere to flow line one and / or for the discharge of excess gas from flow line one and / or to regulate the negative pressure of gas (increase and decrease) in fl fate line one the inlet arrangement (104). The valve function (ii) (109,209, 309) is located upstream of the function (i) when both are present at the same time. The valve friction (ii) is physically separated from the inlet end of the lin line (l 02,202,3 02) as shown in the drawings. The valve function (1 09,209,3 09) is typically called a bypass valve.
The term "ambient atmosphere" in gas fl fate communication with fl fate line one for inlet or discharge of gas to / from fl fate line one and / or to regulate the negative pressure of gas inside the flow line includes especially ambient air but also different types of containers / sources that contain an inert external gas and has this function. 10 15 20 25 8 PCT / 'SE2009 / O05 13 Translation The function (1,088,208) and the valve function (109,209,309) are preferably gradually adjustable. For the function (108,208,308) this means that the function should allow a gradual change in fl fate. For the valve function (109,209,309), this means that the function contains a valve (109a, 209a, 309a) that offers an adjustable opening to the surrounding atmosphere (1 10,210, 310). The opening can be preset to desired values that support a range of different target values / desired values for inlet from the ambient atmosphere and / or values for negative pressure in flow line one at the valve (l09a, 209a, 309a).
The function (l08,208,308) is typically a fl genuine that is located in the fl fate line (l01,20l, 301).
The position of the fan is typically outside the decomposition core (1,06,206,306), i.e. upstream or downstream of the decomposition chamber (1,020,206) or the decomposition unit (105,205, 305). Preferred positions for the function (108,208,308) are within the inlet arrangement, and / or downstream of one or more of the valve functions (1020,209,309) for inlet from the ambient atmosphere (110) if the valve function (1,020,209,3 09) is present.
The pressure difference that creates flow can alternatively be created at the inlet end or at the outlet end (l02,202,302 and l03,203,303 respectively) of the fl fate line (l01,201,30l) and / or also created upstream and downstream of these ends. The function (1020,208,308) can thus also be located outside the line of fate (10,20,301) or at either or both of these ends (102,202,3 02 and 103,203,3 03, respectively). Functions other than a fl marriage can also potentially be used as a function (108,208,308).
Flow-creating functions (108,208,3 08) can also be defined by a combination of two or fl your separate functions, e.g. one function that gives a more or less constant base fl fate and a second function that gives the changes in fl fate. Thus, a combined kan mction may contain an on-from fl marriage combined with a fl marriage for gradual variations in the flow. Other combinations are an on-off valve for a constant fl fate or no fl fate together with a fl genuine to create gradual changes in flow when the valve is open.
The flow line may also contain other types of valves and valve frictions that are not directly involved in ensuring a suitable and stable flow through the decomposition chamber. Thus, there may be a 3-way valve function (1l1,211,31l) to disconnect incoming fl fate from time to time, e.g. to direct incoming gas to ambient atmosphere (1 12,212, 10 15 20 25 30 9 PCT / SE2009 / 005 13 Translation 312) or to a gas storage tank and / or to shut off the flow line in the inlet arrangement (104,204,304) . This type of valve function may include a manifold (113,213, 313) with a separate on-off valve (11la, b, 212a, b, 312a, b) in one or both of the branches (113a, b, 213a, b , 313a, b) and / or in the incoming part (14.4.24.3 14) of flow line one in a position upstream of the branch (not shown). If this type of valve function leads gas to a storage tank that contains, e.g. a body adsorbing the gaseous physiologically active substance, the substance stored by adsorption could subsequently be released in gaseous form to be returned to the fate line (1 01, 20 l, 30 1) and treated in the decomposition chamber (10 06,206, 306).
The device may also have other functions for regulating fl fate and pressure that are not primarily involved in ensuring fl fate that is above a threshold value and / or within a predetermined flow range. These other functions are discussed in more detail under the headings inlet arrangement, decomposition unit and outlet arrangement.
CONTROL UNIT The control unit comprises different types of sensors placed along the line of destiny for measuring various process parameters, e.g. fl fate through the inlet arrangement, through the decomposition core, etc., and / or negative pressure in fl fate line one in the inlet arrangement, etc. In preferred variants, the control unit also comprises software for comparing / checking and adjusting process parameters, and one or fl your computers charged such software. The latter parts of the control unit are called control blocks (1 l5,215,3 15) and can comprise different parts that can be found in the same or different physical location.
The control unit is thus capable of a) measuring gas fl fate passing into the decomposition chamber, and, if desired, also the negative pressure in the inlet arrangement, possibly combined with b) comparing / checking obtained values with desired preset values, and / or c) adjusting flow and / or negative pressure to be above a threshold value for fate and / or within a preset negative pressure range around a preset desired value for negative pressure. A desired value for fl fate is typically above the corresponding threshold value. In further preferred variants, the control unit handles automatic measurement, comparison and / or adjustment of the fl fate and / or negative pressure in the inlet arrangement. An automatic alarm function can preferably be part of the control function in the event that you have failed to achieve one or fl your preset 10 15 20 25 30 io PcT / sizzoowoosis translation limits, levels and / or intervals for fl fate and / or gas pressure.
A flow sensor (fl fate meter l 16,216,316) for measuring fl fate may be located along the fl fate line (l0l, 20l, 301) upstream or downstream of the decomposition chamber (106,206,3 06), with preference for the upstream, and / or upstream or downstream function fl. 108, 208,308). The flow sensor (116,216,316) and the fate control function (108, 208,308) are associated with each other so that the flow immediately downstream of the fate control function (108,208,308) and through the decomposition chamber are related to or are a function of the flow of the flow. 116.2l6.3l6). In case the flow generating function (108,208,308) is combined with a valve function (109,209, 309) for inlet of external gas, the flow sensor (116,216,616 is typically located downstream of such a valve.
The control unit may also contain one or more fate sensors. An additional flow sensor (117, 217.3 17) can thus be located downstream of the above-mentioned valve function (1,020,209,309) for the input of external gas to exclusively measure the inflow of gas which is derived from patients and which contains the substance, e.g. nitrous oxide, without including the fl fate of external gas via the valve function (109,209,3 09).
Differences between flow measured by the two flow sensors (1,16,216,316) and (1,17,217,317) reflect the inflow from the ambient atmosphere through the valve function (109,209,3 09) and can be used to control the flow through the decomposition core (10,206,3 06) in response to changes in the number of patients connected to the device. See the experimental part. Alternatively, the difference between the two flow sensors (1,16,216,316) and (1,17,217,317) may be replaced by a measurement utilizing a flow sensor located associated with the flow valve (09a, 209a, 309a) (not shown).
A pressure sensor (1 18,218,318) for measuring the pressure used to control the fate through the decomposition chamber (106,206,306) is typically located upstream of the fl fate regulating function (1 08,208,3 08) with preference associated with the inlet valve (109a, 209). ). The negative pressure measured at this valve function can be used to control the fl fate created by the function (l08,208,3 08) via the control unit in the same way as for the fl fate in the previous section. 10 15 20 25 30 l l PCT / SE2009 / 005 13 Translation Illustrative threshold values for fl fate are: 2 0.5 m3 / h or 2 1 m3 / h or 2 5 m3 / h or 2 10 m3 / h.
This means that the desired fate of a particular number of patients connected to the device is typically above one or more of these thresholds, with preference given to desired levels increasing with, as proportional to, the actual number of patients connected to the device, and typically with minimum flow for zero patients (= threshold value). The upper limit for flow is typically s 2000 mß / ll, such as s 1000 mß / ll or s 500 mB / ll or s 250 mß / ll or s l00 mß / h or s 50 m3 / h and depends on how many patients the device is designed for and also on the volume of the decomposition chamber, choice of catalyst, heating capacity for incoming gas, etc.
The pressure in the fate line one in the inlet arrangement (104,204,3 04) at the valve (109a, 209a, 309a) is typically below the pressure of ambient atmosphere in gas flow communication with this part of the fate line, e.g. via the valve function (109,209,309). For preferred variants, this typically means a gas pressure of 2 0.5 bar and <1 bar. Preferred values of negative pressure at this position to be used as preset desired values / target values can be selected in the range -1 Pas- cal to -500 Pascal, such as -1 Pascal to -100 Pascal or -1 Pascal to -50 Pascal. See also the experimental part.
The apparatus may also exhibit measurement functions that are not primarily related to ensuring flow and / or regulating flow and pressure in the manner discussed above and in the experimental part. These features are discussed in detail below.
The control unit of the apparatus according to the invention may, in addition to the functions for measuring, controlling and adjusting the flow and pressure discussed above, contain functions which enable at least one of (a) - (g): a) functions for i) measuring and / or controlling temperature at one or more positions in the line of destiny in the decomposition unit (10 05,205,305), with preference for positions in the decomposition chamber (106,205,305) or upstream or downstream thereof, by means of a temperature sensor (128a, bc., 228a, b, c .., 328a , b, c ..) at each of these positions, and / or ii) alarm if the temperature sensed at any of the positions is outside a predetermined temperature range for the process (work interval) and / or iii) adjustment of the temperature in the decomposition chamber (10 06,206,306) to be within the predetermined temperature range using a heating arrangement which is placed in PCT / SE2009 / 005 13 Translation cerat in the decomposition unit; b. Functions for (i) measuring and controlling the reduction in the level of nitrous oxide between an upstream position and a downstream position (10 06,206,3 06) using a sensor arrangement (l34 + 134b + 13 5 + 137,234 + 234b + 23 5 + 23 7,334 + 3 34b + 335 + 337) for nitrous oxide connected to these two positions, and / or ii) alarm if the reduction is below a predetermined level, and / or iii) adjustment of one or more process parameters to increasing said reduction in the level of nitrous oxide, said control, alarm and / or adjustment preferably being performed automatically by the control unit; c) functions for i) measuring and / or controlling the level of nitrogen oxides other than nitrous oxide (eg NOX where x is primarily an integer 1 or 2) at a position downstream of the decomposition chamber (1 06,206, 306) (sensor not shown on the drawings), and / or ii) warning if the level is above a preset level, and / or iii) adjusting one or fl your process parameters to reduce the level of said nitrogen oxides other than nitrous oxide; d) functions for i) measuring and / or controlling the level of nitrous oxide with a sensor arrangement for nitrous oxide (134 + 135 + l37,234 + 235 + 237,334 + 335 + 337) connected downstream of the decomposition unit (106,206,306), and / or ii) alarm if the level is above a preset level, and / or iii) preferably adjusting one or fl your process parameters to lower the level of nitrous oxide: e) functions for i) checking the status of the catalyst based on a combination of values for at least one process parameter to achieve a) a predetermined reduction in the level of nitrous oxide, and / or b) a level of one or fl your by-products from the decomposition that takes place in the decomposition chamber, e.g. Nitrogen oxides other than nitrous oxide, which are lower than the preset threshold values for said by-product (s), in gas which teaches the decomposition unit or in the exhaust gas from the apparatus, whereby nitrous oxide 5 10 15 20 25 30 13 PCT / SE2009 / 00513 veoxide is preferably measured relative to the level of nitrous oxide in gas passing into the decomposition unit, and / or ii) alarm if the reduction and / or the level (s) of said at least one process parameter indicates poor catalyst function; f. Functions for (i) measuring and / or controlling the temperature of gas leaving the outlet end (103,203,3 03) of the flow line of the apparatus (101,201,301) using a temperature sensor associated with the outlet end (103,203,303), and / or ii ) warning if the temperature is above a preset temperature, and / or iii) lowering the temperature in gas leaving the appliance by increasing the cooling upstream of the temperature sensor, e.g. in a cooling arrangement, and / or changing one or more process parameters which lower the temperature of gas passing through the outlet line fl; g) functions for i) measuring and / or controlling the pressure drop and / or the flow resistance over a particle filter (1 19,21 9,3 1 9) located in the i line at a position upstream of the decomposition chamber, preferably in the inlet arrangement, and / or ii) alarm if the pressure drop / des resistance resistance exceeds a predetermined value.
For checking the status of the catalyst, the most relevant process parameters are believed to be the level of nitrous oxide and / or the level of nitrogen oxides other than nitrous oxide in gases leaving the decomposition chamber (106,206,306), e.g. saturated in the outlet arrangement (l07,207.3 07). For nitrous oxide, the level of reduction is believed to be most relevant, i.e. the level of nitrous oxide downstream of the decomposition chamber relative to the level of nitrous oxide in gas to pass into the decomposition chamber (106,206,306). See also (b), (e) and (d) above and below under the heading “Degradation unit fi ï Relative reduction in the previous section includes measures such as percentage reduction, reduction of absolute concentration, etc.
Items (c) - (e) refer specifically to nitrous oxide as the substance to be degraded. The points are also applicable to other substances with the condition that levels, by-products and process parameters must then be adapted to the by-products / process parameters that apply to the 10 15 20 25 30 14 PCT / SE2009 / 005 13 Translation special substance referred to.
Control, alarm and / or adjustment of each of one, several or all of (a) - (g) is advantageously performed automatically by the control unit.
INLET ARRANGEMENT The inlet arrangement (l04,204,3 04) primarily comprises the upstream part of the fl fate line (l0l, 20l, 30l) and various functions for regulating fl fate and pressure as described above for the gas control arrangement together with various sensors and measuring functions as described for the control unit. In addition, there may be other functions.
In a preferred variant, there may be a particle filter (1 19,219.3l9), typically located upstream of the decomposition core (106,206,3 06), such as upstream of the decomposition unit (105, 205,305). If the function (108,208,308) for controlling fl fate, such as a fl marriage, is present in the inlet arrangement (1 04,204,3 04), the preferred position of the particle fi is upstream of the function (10 08,208,3 08) for controlling flow. In addition, the particulate filter (1 19,219,319) is typically located downstream of a valve (11 1b, 31 1b, 31 lb) to shut off flow line one (10 l, 20l, 301) at the inlet end (1020,202,302) and downstream of a valve function (109,209,309 ) for inlet of external gas to adjust the gas pressure in the part of the fl fate line (l0,20l .301) which is located in the inlet arrangement (l03,203,303) if the system is equipped with these valves.
Associated with the particle filter (19,219,319) is preferably a sensor (120,220,320) for measuring the pressure drop and / or the resistance of the particle filter and / or changes in either or both of its two parameters.
Upstream of the particle filter (11,219,319) there is preferably a valve function (11,21,311) to disconnect the flow through the filter and thereby facilitate the change of filter when it is clogged.
This valve function is possibly combined with a valve function located at the outlet end of the filter (not shown). The valve at the inlet end of the filter may coincide with (be the same as) the above-mentioned valve (111b, 211b, 31 lb to close the inlet end of the line of fate.
The filter arrangement discussed above may also include a bypass conduit of PCT / SE2009 / 00513 Translation flow (not shown) connected in parallel with the particulate filter and having a 3-way valve friction associated with its outlet end to enable disconnection of the particle filter and passage of gas through the bypass line. This type of bypass preferably contains a particle filter which is of the same type as the disconnected particle filter. The filter arrangement may also have additional bypass lines of the type described for the first bypass line, the 3-way valve function now being replaced by a at least 3-way valve function.
Valves / valve functions and the like, and sensors and functions for measuring and the like in the inlet arrangement are in principle also parts of the control arrangement for gas and the control unit in the apparatus according to the invention.
DECOMPOSITION UNIT (Degradation chamber and heating arrangement) Degradation chamber The decomposition unit (l05,205,305) comprises a) a decay chamber (l06,206,3 06) for decomposition in which the actual decomposition of the gaseous physiological arrangement and b of temperature to achieve the correct temperature for decomposition.
In preferred variants of the invention, the gaseous physiologically active substance is nitrous oxide which is a gas at normal pressures and temperatures. The substance decomposes spontaneously and exothermically when heated to temperatures around 600 ° C or higher and gives nitrogen and oxygen in a molar ratio of 2: 1 with significant amounts of undesirable by-products such as nitrogen oxides other than nitrous oxide, i.e. NOX where x is an integer 1 or 2. It is known that the use of a catalyst which degrades nitrous oxide can lower the decomposition temperature at the same time as the amounts of NOX separate. In preferred variants when the gaseous physiologically active substance is nitrous oxide, the decomposition chamber (106,206,306) contains a catalyst capable of degrading nitrous oxide.
If the gas to be treated contains one or more other physiologically active gaseous substances, catalysts which support the decomposition of such substances may be included in the decomposition chamber of the apparatus according to the invention. Alternatively, such other substances may be removed by adsorption as described elsewhere in this document. PCT / SE2009 / 00513 Translation In preferred variants of the invention, a catalyst capable of degrading the gaseous scar is preferably in the form of a porous bed which fills the volume of the degradation chamber in which it is placed, e.g. the degradation chamber (106,206,306). This type of bed is porous in the sense that its porosity is sufficient for gas to pass easily through it. The bed may be in the form of a porous monolith or in the form of porous or non-porous particles packed into a bed. The volume, cross-sectional area and length of the bed / chamber (1,061,206,306) depend, among other things, on the desired capacity of the apparatus, the intended flow, the efficiency of the catalyst. Typical suitable volumes of the decomposition chamber are 2 0.5 dm3, such as 2 1 dm3 or 2 5 dm3 or 2 10 dm3 and / or S 1000 dm3, such as S 500 dm3 or S 400 dm3 or S 200 dm3, with preference for the range 1-400 dm3 , such as 10-200 dm3. Preferred geometric shapes are cylindrical, although other shapes such as parallelepipeds may also be useful. It is often practical to design the external dimensions of the decomposition chamber including insulating material and the like so that the chamber unit can pass intact through normal doors, i.e. have a cross-sectional area perpendicular to its length corresponding to a circular design with a diameter of at most about 0.7 meters, such as at most about 0.5 meters.
The direction of flow through the chamber is typically along its length / height, especially for cylindrical chambers. For vertical fl directions of fate, the inlet at the lower end and the outlet at the upper end of the chamber will probably be preferred (106,206,3 06).
The decomposition chamber including the catalyst, the capacity of the flow-providing functions, etc. should be designed so that it is possible to achieve residence times for gas flowing through the chamber in the range S 30 sec, such as S 20 sec or S 10 sec, such as S 5 sec or S 1 sec or S 0.5 sec or more preferably S 0.2 sec, such as S 0.1 sec. Residence time is the time during which the gas is in contact with the catalyst.
In variants that use catalyst, the decomposition chamber is defined as the part of the flow line that is located between the upstream end and the downstream end of the catalyst.
A suitable catalyst should support the formation of hairless products with no or only trace levels left of the gaseous substance in the gas leaving the decomposition unit 10 15 20 25 30 l 7 PCT / SE2009 / 00513 Translation (l05,205,305) and / or the chamber (1,06,206,306 ). This includes that the catalyst should also support no or only trace levels of by-products in the downstream unit and / or chamber. In other words, when the substance to be degraded is nitrous oxide is N; and O; the harmless products and the unwanted by-products are nitrogen oxides other than nitrous oxide as discussed below. The life of the catalyst should be long with slow or no inactivation of moisture and / or other substances that may be present in exhaled air from patients connected to the device.
Suitable catalysts can be selected from those which are effective in degrading gaseous physiologically active substances to harmless products or to acceptable levels of other products in a temperature range which should be in the range of 200-750 ° C, typically within 350- 550 °, as in the range 400-500 ° C For nitrous oxide this means nitrogen and oxygen.
The temperature range at which the catalyst, when used in the apparatus of the invention, is effective in carrying out the decomposition into desired products is called the working or process temperature range.
Trace levels of nitrous oxide refer to the level of nitrous oxide remaining in gas leaving the decomposition unit and / or the chamber and are usually levels of S 4000 ppm, such as S 1000 ppm or S 500 ppm. Trace levels of nitrous oxide may alternatively and preferably refer to the level remaining in gas leaving the decomposition unit and / or the chamber relative to the level of gas passing into the chamber and is preferably 2 80%, preferably 2 90% or 2 95% or 299%. The same interval also applies to gas leaving the appliance via the outlet arrangement.
Trace levels of nitrogen oxides other than nitrous oxide refer primarily to levels S 2 ppm, such as S 1 ppm or S 0.5 ppm or S 0.1 ppm or S 0.05 ppm. The same levels also apply to gas leaving the appliance via the outlet arrangement. The most important nitrogen oxides to which these values apply are NOX where x is an integer of 1 or 2, i.e. the levels of NO and NO2 and NO + NO2.
The activity of preferred catalysts should be substantially independent of the presence or absence of halogenated anesthetics in the gas passing into the decomposition chamber. The term “substantially independent” in this context means that for a kind of preferred catalyst, it should be possible to maintain the level of physiologically active substance, e.g. nitrous oxide, in gas leaving the decomposition chamber relative to the level of gas passing into the same chamber below the values discussed above for 2 a month, such as 2 a quarter with preference for 2 a year such as 2 two or fl your years. For anesthetic gases containing nitrous oxide, these limits apply in particular to gases containing at least one beneficial anesthetic sleeve selected from the group containing a) .halogen-containing alkanes including especially fluoroalkanes such as halothane (2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1, 1-trifluoroethane), b) fluoroethers such as isoflurane (1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether), sevoflurane (fluoromethyl 2,2,2-trifluoro-1- (trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether), enflurane (2- chloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether) and desurane (1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether), and c) other halogen-containing, especially fluorine-containing volatile anesthetics. These anesthetics are typically present in concentrations S 3%, such as S2% (v / v) in inhaled gas and / or in gas passing into the apparatus.
For anesthetic gases containing nitrous oxide, it may be advantageous to include an adsorption column for the anesthetic gaseous entum upstream of the decomposition unit (105, 205,305) or upstream of the inlet end (1020,202,302) of the flow line (1020, 201,30l).
For exhaled air containing nitrous oxide with or without anesthetic substance, it may be appropriate to include an adsorption column for moisture upstream of the decomposition unit (105, 205,305) or upstream of the des line (l01, 201,30l). See e.g. publications cited under the heading "Background Technology" with special emphasis on US 7,235,222 (Showa Denko K.K.), WO 2006059606 (Showa Denko K.K.) and WO 2002026355 (Showa Denko K.K.).
Catalysts which degrade nitrous oxide and which give no or only trace levels of nitrogen oxides other than nitrous oxide are well known in the literature. See e.g. US 7,235,222 (Showa Denko KK), WO 2006059606 (Showa Denko KK) and US 4,259,303 (Kuraray Co., Ltd) which disclose apparatus for decomposing nitrous oxide into exhaust gases from healthcare units, and US 6347,627 (Pioneer inventions, Inc. .) which describes an apparatus for producing synthetic air. Patent publications that specifically deal with catalysts that can be used for the decomposition of nitrous oxide and VOC, respectively, are innumerable.
Thus, there are a large number of catalysts that are expected to function for the actual decomposition, with preference for decomposition of nitrous oxide. Illustrative variants are oxidized äl0 20 25 30 19 PCT / SE2009 / 005 13 Translation Part metal catalysts with alumina as support including oxidized ruthenium on alumina.
Other catalysts may be made from other precious metals including rhodium, iridium, palladium, osmium, and platinum. Oxides of transition metals including cobalt, titanium, vanadium, iron, copper, manganese and nickel oxide have also been shown to catalyze the reaction to decompose nitrous oxide. These metals can be found on support materials such as alumina, zirconia and yttria. Crystalline zeolites with structure selected from BETA, MOR, MF1, MEL or FER IUPAC designations with sodium or potassium ion-exchange to one or more of the noble metals listed above should work. The catalytically active part and / or the support material may be in the form of particles.
For the decomposition of nitrous oxide, useful catalysts can be found among those referenced in US 7,235,222 (Showa Denko K.K.) and WO 2006059606 (Showa Denko K.K.).
These comprise a) a support material on which there is at least one metal selected in the group consisting of magnesium, zinc, iron, and manganese, optionally together with aluminum and / or rhodium, b) an alumina support on which there are oxides of at least one metal selected in the group consisting of magnesium, zinc, iron and manganese optionally together with rhodium, or c) rhodium on a support formed from a spinel-type crystalline oxide having at least a portion thereof containing aluminum together with at least a metal selected from the group consisting of magnesium, zinc, iron and manganese.
Preferred catalysts are particulate materials containing a catalytically active metal oxide, preferably because it contains either one or both of copper and manganese and / or a support material based on alumina containing metal oxide according to the next paragraph. This is especially true if the gaseous substance which is to be degraded is nitrous oxide.
In connection with the invention, the choice of suitable catalyst has been based on catalysts which are suitable for removing / breaking down volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in industrial exhaust gases. Thus, it has been discovered that this group of catalysts contains good and economically advantageous catalysts which are useful for the decomposition of nitrous oxide. Particularly preferred catalysts of this type will probably be found among those which are based on alumina supports in the form of particles and contain a catalytically active combination of metal oxides, with preference for oxides of copper and / or manganese, typically in the range 580% with preference for 11-17% (by weight). These catalysts also have the potential to degrade PCT / SE2009 / 005 13 Translation VOCs of the kind discussed above and which may be present in gas to be treated according to the invention.
Temperature control arrangement including conventional heaters, heat exchangers and regenerative heat exchangers The temperature control arrangement in the decomposition unit comprises a heating arrangement A (12la, 221a, 321a) for heating gas to pass into the decomposition chamber and typically also a radiator arrangement A (121b, 32b, 32b, 32b, 32b). for cooling gas leaving the decomposition chamber (l06,206,306). The heating arrangement A and the cooler arrangement A preferably form a heat exchanger A (121, 22l, 32l) in which heat in gas leaving the decomposition chamber (106,206,306) is transferred and used to heat incoming gas which is to pass through the decomposition chamber (10 06,206 , 3 06). This heat exchanger should preferably have an efficiency of 50-95% with preference for 70% or higher.
If a heat exchanger A (l2l, 22l, 32l) is included, the temperature control arrangement typically also comprises a second heating arrangement B (l22,222,322) downstream of heat exchanger A. This second heat arrangement must be capable of raising the temperature in gas which teaches heat exchanger A to the process temperature for the desired decomposition. In other words, heating arrangement B (122,222,322) must be capable of ensuring the process temperature by compensating for any shortcomings in temperature between the temperature provided by heat exchanger A and the desired process temperature. The heating arrangement B (122,222,322) is typically an electric heater, preferably integrated with the decomposition hammer (106,206,306), e.g. immediately upstream of the decomposition chamber (l06,206,306) and falls preferably located within the chamber (10,06,206,3 06) with heating elements placed along the fl direction of fate. The power of the heating arrangement B in combination with a previous heat exchanger should be sufficient to heat the chamber and incoming gases to a temperature within the temperature range of the process. The power of a friend arrangement B is typically adjustable within a certain range with a maximum power of 25 kW, such as 2 10 kW or 2 15 kW with typical upper limits of 100 kW, 50 kW, or 30 kW (regardless of lower limit).
The decomposition unit (105.355) preferably also further comprises a heat exchanger C (1227,327) in which gas cooled in heat exchanger A (12l, 32l) is further cooled by heat exchange to a temperature of 100 ° C, such as 70 ° C. C or 5 60 ° C, preferably with incoming translation of the gas before it is heated in heat exchanger A (121, 321). Including this second heat exchanger is advantageous with regard to the supply of energy. A less economical variant is to use ambient air or some other external coolant in heat exchanger C.
Heat exchanger A (12l, 22l, 32l) and heat exchanger C (127,227,327), when included, may be selected from different types. Either one or both of them can be shell / tube heat exchangers, a plate heat exchanger, a regenerative heat exchanger, etc. The preference is for plate heat exchangers and regenerative heat exchangers. Plate heat exchangers are preferred over shell / tube heat exchangers as they are available in a compact format and with high efficiency in heat exchange. The compact format of plate heat exchangers makes them well suited as heat exchanger A in compact devices for decomposing nitrous oxide. If one regenerative heat exchanger is included as heat exchanger A, the other heat exchanger C can often be lent out.
Regenerative heat exchangers applied to the invention comprise that heat in the hot gas leaving the decomposition cannabis is first transferred to and stored in a heat absorber from which heat is later transferred to incoming gas which is to pass the decomposition chamber.
This means for continuous processes of the type described in this document that there is a need for two heat absorbers connected to the decomposition chamber and a 4-way valve friction (preferably a 4-way rotor valve) with an outlet connected to the downstream part of fl the fate line (outlet), an outlet connected to the upstream part (inlet), an outlet to one of the heat absorbers and an outlet to the other of the heat absorbers. This design makes it possible to cool gases leaving the decomposition scanner in one heat absorber while heating incoming gas in the other heat absorber and by switching the 4-way valve reverse the fate through the heat absorbers and the decomposition chamber so that heat absorbed during cooling is used for cooling. heat incoming gas. The switching is done in a "cyclically repetitive manner.
It is likely that regenerative heat exchangers will have good potential to be preferred in the invention, e.g. as heat exchanger A, as they include variants that will in all probability have advantages in the design of compact and space-efficient decomposition units, e.g. with the necessary heating arrangements integrated with the decomposition chamber in a block. A regenerative heat exchanger useful in the invention may be designed as outlined in the apparatus of Figure 2 and containing at least two separate heat exchangers Translation (221a, b) each containing a heat absorber (223a, b), at least one multi-way valve function (224) that allows reversal of flow through the decomposition chamber (206) and the conduits (225a, b, c, d) that are interconnected in a manner that enables cycles containing the steps: i) setting the valve function (224) to a first position so that hot gas teaches the decomposition chamber (206) through a first transport line (225a) containing a first heat exchanger (221a) with a heat absorber (223a), after which the resulting cooled gas in a common outlet line (2250) is transported further downstream into the outlet arrangement (not shown), ii) setting the valve function (224), preferably a 4-way rotor valve, to a different position so that incoming gasfrom the inlet arrangement (204) via the common inlet line (225d) passes through the first line (225a) containing the first heat exchanger (221a) with the heat absorber (223a) whereby the incoming gas is heated before passing through and leaving the decomposition chamber ( 206) through a second conduit (225b) containing a second heat exchanger with the heat absorber (223 b) after which the now cooled case is transported in the common outlet conduit (225c) further downstream into the outlet arrangement, iii) setting of the valve 22 (4) the first position which initiates repetition of steps (i) - (iii) (one cycle). Each of the heat absorbers and the corresponding part of a transport line (225a, b) defines a heat exchanger (22la, b). Between each heat exchanger (221) and the decomposition chamber (206) there is advantageously a heating arrangement (222a, b). This heating arrangement (222) is "on" when gas heated in a heat exchanger (221) passes to support the desired process temperature and is "off" when hot gas from the decomposition chamber (206) passes. In preferred variants, the heat exchangers (221a and b), the heating arrangements (222a and b) (if included), and the decomposition chamber are preferably integrated in the same block as illustrated in Figure 2. Each cycle typically comprises a time period in the range of about 0 , 5 -5 minutes with adjustment of the valve at each half-time and full-time period, e.g. a period of two minutes with adjustment of the valve function (224) every two minutes. Although not preferred, the above-mentioned 4-way rotor valve may be replaced by various combinations of x-way valves resulting in a 4-way valve furildion at the interconnection of the four lines (225a-d) (x = 1, 2 or 3). ).
The heat absorber (223a or 223b) in the preceding paragraph may be a porous bed of heat absorbing material through which the hot gas and cold incoming gas alternately pass PCT / SE2009 / 005 13 Translation ser. The bed may be a porous monolith or a bed of solid non-porous particles packed into a bed. The bed may or may not be catalytically active for the decomposition of the gaseous physiologically active substance, e.g. nitrous oxide. The absorption and adsorption capacity of the bed for the gaseous substance should be as low as possible (non-significant) as this minimizes the volume of the puffs discussed below (minimum volume is the void volume of the heat absorbing bed).
The term “regenerative heat exchanger” includes variants that contain two or fl your heat exchangers of the same type as the heat exchangers (22la and 22lb) and their alternating use in cycles.
We have realized that regenerative heat exchangers when used in the manner described above will cause the gas emitted to contain repetitive puffs of the gaseous entity to be degraded. The presence of repetitive puffs will therefore reduce the efficiency of the decomposition unit and the apparatus. A function for neutralizing puffs that comes from the use of a regenerative heat exchanger would be advantageous (puff filter or puff neutralizing function).
Preferred puff filters are illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 (variants 1 and 2 below). In addition to a puff filter (43 8,538), both figures show a part of the fate line (40l, 50l), a part of the inlet arrangement (404,504), the decomposition unit (405, 505), the outlet arrangement (407,507) and parts of the control unit (control block (4l5,5l5) and a sensor arrangement (44l, 54l) for nitrous oxide.The decomposition unit comprises a regenerative heat exchanger (440,55 O), the decomposition scanner (406,506) and the puff filter (43 8,538) Other parts of the appliances may be according to what is outlined in another place in this document, see for example fi gures 1-3.
A puff filter typically has a 3-way valve function that allows selective diverting of puffs into the puff filter. As illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, this valve function (43 9,539) is located downstream of the regenerative heat exchanger (440). When no puffs pass the position of the puff filter (43 8, 538), the 3-way valve function (439,539) is in position for bypass passage. Each time a puff is to pass, the 3-way valve function is switched to the diversion position, whereby the puff is allowed to pass to the puff filter and the valve is reset to the bypass position. The gaseous entity to be degraded in the puff filter can then be neutralized in a number of different ways. Figures 4 10 15 20 25 30 24 PCT / SE2009 / 005 13 Translation and 5 represent two main modes (adsorption / desorption and catalytic degradation). The 3-way valve function can be a 3-way valve or two 2-way valves as shown below.
The puff filter (43 8) in fi gur 4 comprises a container (441) with a porous adsorbent which is capable of adsorbing the gaseous substance when the puff passes through the adsorbent (fl direction of fate indicated by arrow). The adsorbent is a colter in the variant that is preferred when learning this document. The adsorption of the gaseous substance should preferably be reversible to allow regeneration of the adsorbent, e.g. by da liquefying gas which does not contain or which has a low content of nitrous oxide through the filter. Low levels may have been achieved by depletion. The flow direction during desorption is preferably reversed relative to the direction during adsorption. The puff filter (43 8) has a) an inlet line (443) for diverting puffs from the main line of discharge (401) to the container (441), and b) two outlet lines (444a, b) for transporting gas out of the container (441).
The inlet line (443) is connected at one end to the upstream end of the container (441) (= upstream end of the adsorbent) and at its opposite end to the flow line via a 3-way valve function (439). The inlet line (443) is used to divert puffs to the container via the 3-way valve function (439). This 3-way valve function may include two 2-way valves (439a and 439b, respectively) with one of the valves in the inlet line (443) and the other in flow line one (401). Alternatively, the valve function may be a 3-way valve (539) as illustrated in Figure 5.
One of the outlet conduits (444a) is connected at one end (1 st end) to the downstream end of the container (44l) (= downstream end of the adsorbent) and at its other end (Zdra) to the line en (401) at a position downstream of the inlet line (443). The second outlet conduit (444b) is connected at one end to the upstream end of the container (441) (= upstream end of the adsorbent) and at its other end to the flow line (401) at a position close to the function (408) to create and change flow (cf. Figure 2). The first outlet line (444a) has two main uses a) returning puffs depleted on the gaseous substance to the fl line (401), and b) diverting a part of the i in the fl line (401) to pass through the adsorbent. bent (442) to thereby desorb the adsorbed gaseous substance and return it back to flow line one via the second outlet conduit (444b). At this stage, the direction of fate is reversed relative to the direction of flow during adsorption. The outlet conduit (444b) PCTXSE2009 / OOS 13 Translation comprises a 2-way valve (445), preferably an on-off valve, and preferably also a function (446) (preferably a fl genuine) for creating and change the fate used for desorption of the gaseous substance from the adsorbent (442) and return it to the fate line (401) as described elsewhere in this document.
The desorption gas can also be transported to the outlet end of the container (441) through a conduit (not shown) which at one end is connected to the outlet end of the container and at its other end communicates with a source of desorption gas (not shown).
The buffer (438) operates as follows: Step 1 (adsorption): The gaseous substance in a puff is bound to the adsorbent as the puff passes through the container (441) and is returned to the main flow line (401) via the outlet line (444a). .ï-way valve function (439): the inlet line (443) is open (valve 43 9a open), fl fate line (401) closed for bypass (valve 439b closed).
Z-way valve (445): closed Step 2 (desorption): The gaseous substance in the adsorbent (442) is released from the adsorbent by flow which is diverted by sucking a part of the i in the main fl line (401) into the outlet line ( 444a), through the adsorbent (442) and through the outlet conduit (444b) to the flow line (401) downstream of the function (408). Suction is caused by negative pressure created by the function (408) and the function (446). 3-way valve function (439): the inlet line (443) is closed (valve 439a closed), flow line one (401) is open for flow passage (valve 439b is open).
Z-way valve (445): open Step 3 (disconnection of the puff filter, not a must): Flow passes the puff filter (43 8). No diversion of flow. .ï-way valve function (439): the inlet line (443) is closed (valve 439a closed), fl fate line (401) open for flow bypass (valve 439b open). 2-way valve: closed Step 4 and continued: Repetitive cycles, each containing in sequence sequence steps 1,2 and 3 (possibly).
The puff filter (538) of Figure 5 comprises a container (541) having a porous bed containing a translation catalyst material (542) capable of degrading the gaseous substance when the puff is passed. through the bed (fl direction of fate indicated by an arrow). The catalytic material is typically selected according to the same principles as given for catalyst material in the degradation chamber (506). The puff filter (538) has a) an inlet line (543) for diverting puffs from the main line of discharge (501) to the container (541), b) an outlet line (544) for transporting gas out of the container (541) , and c) a heater (546) for heating the incoming puff and catalyst material to a temperature selected in the same manner as outlined for the operating temperature in the decomposition chamber (506) elsewhere in this decomposition chamber document in public. The inlet line (543) and the outlet line (544) are connected to the container (541) and to the line fl as shown in Figure 4.
The puff filter (538) works as follows: Step 1 (degradation, flow in the fl line is diverted by puff filter The gaseous substance to be degraded in a puff is degraded by the catalytic material in the bed (542).
The puff is allowed to flow through the inlet line (543) and the container / bed and is returned to the main line (501) via the outlet line (544a). Flow passing into the puff filter and the catalyst material is heated by a heat funnel (547). .ï-way valve fi znktíon (539): the inlet line (543) is closed (valve 539a closed), fl fate line en (501) open for passing by fl fate (valve 539b open) Step 2 (flow passes past the puff filter, not necessary but preferred): Gas flow containing puffs of the gaseous end passes the puff filter. 3-way valve function (539): the inlet line (543) is closed, flow line one (501) is open for bypass) Step 3 and so on: Repetitive cycles each in sequence containing steps 1 and 2.
In each cycle of a puff filter, step 1 should be in 2 0.5 sec, such as 2 1 sec and / or 5 12 sec such as 5 10 sec and typically be in the range 1.5-5 sec, such as within 2 sec -3 sec. Step 2 should be for 1-8 minutes, typically 1-5 minutes. Regardless of the individual steps, the total time for a cycle corresponds to the time a heat exchanger (52la or 521b) was used in a cycle for corresponding regenerative heat exchangers. See other place in this document.
If and when the gaseous substance in a puff passing into the puff filter is returned to mix with the main stream (eg the variant according to fi gur 4), it is important that balance the system so that no puffs with the gaseous substance leak out at positions that are open to the surrounding atmosphere, e.g. at the inlet inlction (209, fi g 2). The negative pressure at the inlet function (209, fi g 2) must be maintained, which means that the backflow should be low enough not to disturb the balance, typically S 25%, such as S 15%, with preference for S 10% or 5 5%, of the main flow at the confluence. Balancing is under the control of the control unit, which means that the function (408) (eg a kt true) increases the main flow in flow line one (401) if the negative pressure disappears at the convergence point and / or at a valve function for inlet (209, fi g 2 if it is included).
The total point of fate should be located upstream of the regenerative heat exchanger (440, 540). Compare Figures 2 and 4. Return of puffs depleted on the gaseous substance in the buffer filter to the fate line (401, 501) can take place at virtually any position along the fate line provided that the system is balanced as above. The preference is for positions downstream of the regenerative heat exchanger (440,540) with the highest preference for the downstream puff filter (43 8,538). Alternatively, gas in puffs depleted of the gaseous substance in the puff filter can be led directly to the surrounding atmosphere in a fl fate line (not shown) which is separate from the main fl fate line one (40 1, 50 1).
A third possibility for puff filters is to collect one or more puffs in an expandable container which is connected to the main line of fault one downstream of the regenerative heat exchanger. The gas collected in the container is then returned to flow line one at a position upstream of the regenerative heat exchanger, with the advantage of the positions given for the variant in Figure 4. There are probably further alternatives.
The decomposition unit preferably has a temperature sensor (228a, b, c, d .., 228a, b, c, d .., 128a, b, c, d ..), typically in the form of a thermocouple, at one, two, three , four or fl your positions along fl fate line one within the decomposition unit (105) to measure the temperature at these positions. Suitable positions in the apparatus according to fi figure 1 are i) between the heat exchanger A and the heater arrangement B (l2la and 122) (l28a), respectively, ii) between the heating arrangement B (122) and the decomposition chamber (106) (128b), iii) in the decomposition chamber (106 ) (preferably several positions distributed in the direction of fate, not shown), and iv) between the decomposition chamber (106) and the optional heat exchanger C (128c), v) in the downstream part of the PCT / SE2009 / 00513 Translation decomposition unit (105) (228d), e.g. downstream of the heat exchanger C (127). Temperature sensors (l28a, b, c, d ..) are also part of the control unit.
The positions of temperature sensors for other variants of the apparatus are shown in Figures 2 and 3.
Valves / valve functions and the like and sensors and measuring functions and the like in the decomposition unit are in principle also part of the control arrangement for gas and the control unit in the apparatus according to the invention.
Outlet arrangement The outlet arrangement (107,207,307) comprises the downstream part of the fate line (101,201, 301).
If the level of nitrogen oxides, such as NOX, is unacceptably high, it is advantageous to wash the gas emitted with an alkaline aqueous medium, e.g. in a scrubber arrangement comprising the scrubber as such (129), supply lines for alkali (130) and water (131), line for discharge of used water (132), pH sensor (133) etc. Use of scrubbers and similar arrangements for washing of gases in the outlet arrangement, however, in most cases complicates the design of compact appliances. It is therefore more optimal for compact design to choose catalysts that provide acceptable levels of the physiologically active substance and its degradation products in the exhaust gas.
A scrubber of the type described in the previous section can also be used as an arrangement for cooling.
The outlet arrangement may also include a temperature sensor (136a, b .., 236a, b .., 336a, b ..), e.g. in the form of a ternary element at one, two or more positions. Typical positions in the device according to fi figure 1 are at the outlet end (103) or at the other end in the outlet part (107) of the flow line (101). A temperature sensor in the outlet part may coincide with a temperature sensor in the downstream part of the decomposition unit (105).
Suitable positions for other variants of the apparatus of the invention are given in Figures 2 and 3. Translation The outlet arrangement may also comprise a sensor arrangement for measuring nitrogen oxides other than nitrous oxide and / or a sensor arrangement for measure nitrous oxide. Each of these arrangements contains in principle a specification for sampling (134,234,334) and an analyzer (135,235,335) with measuring function. The sampling function (134,234,334) is typically connected to the fate line (101,201,30l) at a position downstream of the decomposition chamber (106,206,306) and then upstream or downstream of the heat exchanger C (127,327) (if included). ). The preferred position is further downstream, as in the outlet part of the fl line, i.e. in the outlet arrangement (107,207,3 07), such as downstream or upstream of a scrubber (129) (if included).
A simple variant of a sensor for NOX contains a pH sensor in the water from a scrubber.
The nitrous oxide sensor arrangement preferably also comprises a function (134a, 234a, 334a) for sampling connected to flow line one at a position upstream of the decomposition chamber (106,206,306), preferably upstream (Figures 1 and 2) or within (Figure 3) the decomposition (105, 205,305). The connection of this sampling function to the fl line is typically also located downstream of a) the valve ild nil dion (109,209,309) for inlet of external gas for regulating gas pressure in the fl line in the inlet arrangement and / or b) a particle filter (1 19,219,319) and / or c) 108,208,308) for regulating the flow through the decomposition chamber. This sampling function (134a, 234a, 334a) may be associated with an analyzer (including a measuring device) which is separate from the analyzer (135,235,335) associated with the downstream function (134,234a, 334a) for sampling the sample. nitric oxide, but preferably the two analyzers for the two sampling functions coincide. The level of nitrous oxide downstream (134,234,334) of the degradation unit should be at least 80%, such as at least 90%, advantageously for at least 95% or at least 99% of the level upstream (134a, 234a, 334a) of the degradation unit (106,206,306). Therefore, the gas in the sample from the upstream position is typically diluted with air in a separate diluent (137, 237,337) to a concentration comparable to the concentration at the downstream sampling position.
In the outlet arrangement of the device of the invention, valves / valve furil dions and the like and sensors and measuring furrions and the like are in principle also part of the control arrangement for gas and of the control unit, respectively. 10 15 20 25 30 30 PCT / SE2009 / 0O5 13 Translation METHOD ASPECTS OF THE INVENTION These aspects include the use of the apparatus defined as above. The typical patient undergoes surgery, dental care, childbirth, etc. Of the patients who are connected to the device, e.g. at least one woman during childbirth, at least one is treated surgically, at least one receives dental care, at least one, etc.
Two variants of the invention method are: a) treatment of exhaled air in which there is a halogen-containing anesthetic, and b) treatment of exhaled air which lacks a halogen-containing anesthetic. Nitric oxide is typically present as a physiologically active substance in both variants, i.e. as an anesthetic and / or analgesic substance. For each variant, it is appropriate to adapt the device as stated above.
A main aspect of method (1 sta) is a method for decomposing a gaseous physiologically active substance, such as nitrous oxide, which is found in gas derived from exhaled air from a plurality of patients (one, two or fl era) inhaling gas containing the substance. The method comprises the steps of: i) providing a degradation apparatus of the type defined under the heading "Background technology", and ii) connecting at least one of the patients to the apparatus, iii) fl dyeing said gas from the patients connected to the apparatus through the inlet arrangement and through the decomposition unit under conditions, including heating to the process temperature, which enable decomposition of said substance in said decomposition chamber, and iv) fl blowing gas leaving the decomposition unit through the outlet arrangement.
The characteristic feature is a) that the device comprises a control arrangement for gas which allows adjustment of gas fl through the device to be continuously maintained regardless of the number of patients connected to the device, and b) that step (iii) comprises changing the number of patients connected to the device at least once to zero while maintaining flow through the apparatus and heating the decomposition chamber, possibly to a lower temperature ironed with the decomposition process temperature, and / or 10 15 20 25 30 31 PCT / SE2009 / 005 13 Translation c) to step (iii) comprises changing the number of patients connected to the device at least once without the number becoming zero, preferably while adjusting the flow to a higher value if the number is increasing and to a lower value if the number is decreasing and maintaining conditions for degradation in the degradation chamber.
The characteristic feature (a) above means that the control arrangement for gas advantageously comprises A) a gradually adjustable function, such as a fan, for adjusting the gas flow passing into the decomposition gun (see above), and B) preferably an inlet function which allows adjustment gas pressure upstream of the position of said gradually adjustable function (see above).
At least one of these two features is preferably combined with the presence of the control unit as described above, e.g. according to the original claim 3.
Adjustment and maintenance of flow is done by the control unit as described above.
Another main aspect regarding method (2nd) comprises the steps (i) - (iv) of the first main method aspect with the characteristic features of the second main apparatus aspect as characteristic features.
Yet another main aspect of method (3dj e) comprises steps (i) - (iv) of the first main method aspect with the characteristic features of the third main apparatus aspect as a characteristic feature.
A sub-aspect of a main aspect of a method typically has as a characteristic feature one or fl era of the various features described for method and / or apparatus aspects. A feature that defines a functionality (function) can then be combined with a step that utilizes the functionality.
BEST MODE The best embodiments of the invention were considered at the day of priority according to Figure 3 as used in the experimental part. Incorporation of a regenerative heat exchanger, e.g. as illustrated in Figure 2 and advantageously as outlined in Figure 4, has during the priority year been discovered to be advantageous with regard to energy balance and compactness of the device. 10 15 20 25 30 32 Pcr / sßzoowoosß translation The entry is further defined in the appended claims which are an integral part of the description.
EXPERIMENTAL PART Example 1 The apparatus is according to figure 3. The heating arrangement B (322, = heater) is integrated with the decomposition chamber (306) and adjustable in at least 5 + 5 + 5 + 3 + 2 steps (total ZOKW). Heat exchanger A (321) and heat exchanger C (327) are plate protection heat exchangers (Aircross 29 from Airec AB, Malmö, Sweden). The catalyst is a VOC catalyst (Metox 3) from Stonemill, Hasslarp, Sweden and has a range for process temperature of 480-500 ° C for decomposition of nitrous oxide. The decomposition chamber (306) has a height of 0.85 m and a diameter of 0.65 m with a vertical downward fl direction of fate. A temperature sensor in the form of a thermocouple is placed at six positions (328a, b, c, d, e, t). See Figure 3. The temperature sensor (328d) in the inlet part of the catalytic bed is the controlling sensor for the heater. The air inlet valve (309a) is manually adjustable.
Control of process fl destiny The flow rate of the process through the decomposition unit is controlled relative to incoming flow by means of a) a negative pressure sensor (318) which measures the negative pressure at the inlet valve (3 09a), b) the opening to ambient air of the valve (3 09a) , and c) the speed of the fl marriage (308). The fan (308) and the opening of the valve (309a) are initially set to give a desired negative pressure at the sensor (318) for normal speed of incoming gas fl desolate containing nitrous oxide. Typical values of negative pressure can be found in the range -1 Pa to -150 Pa, e.g. -5 Pa, -10 Pa, - 50 Pa or ~ 100 Pa.
Important for controlling the process fate in the fate line (301) are also the two fate sensors (317) and (316) located upstream and downstream of the inlet valve supply line (309), respectively.
The difference in measured values for these two sensors gives the speed of air inlet via the inlet valve (309a). This fate can alternatively be measured with a fate sensor in the line that contains the valve (309a) (not shown).
The design with an inlet valve (3 09a) in direct communication with the ambient atmosphere 10 15 20 25 30 33 PCT / SE2009 / 00513 Translation (310) and negative pressure at the negative pressure sensor (318) ensures that nitrous oxide passes into the device's fl line (301) and does not leave the system via the inlet valve (309a). The design also ensures that the process flow in the device remains undisturbed even if there are rapid and uncontrolled changes in incoming fl fate that kten the spouse (3 08) cannot take care of.
When driving at a fixed incoming gas fl fate, the fan (398) is set to give a certain negative pressure at the negative pressure sensor (318).
° When the incoming fl fate increases, the negative pressure at the negative pressure sensor (318) will decrease. The control unit then increases the fan speed, which means that the flow in the flow line will increase and the negative pressure will be reset to the preset negative pressure. The situation is applicable in cases where the number of patients connected to the device is increasing.
° When the incoming fl fate decreases, the negative pressure at the negative pressure sensor will increase.
The control unit then lowers the true speed, which means that the fate in the fate line will decrease and the negative pressure will be reset to the preset negative pressure. Situation is applicable to the situation when the number of patients connected to the device is decreasing.
An alternative way to control the process flow is to set a target value for the fate difference measured at the flow sensors (316) and (317). When the incoming gas fl fate increases, the difference will decrease. The control unit will then increase the speed of the fl marriage and restore the difference in fl fate to the target value. As the incoming flow decreases, the difference will increase.
The control unit will then increase the speed of the fan and reset the difference to the preset target value. Suitable values for the difference in fate may be in the range 1-70 m3 / hour, such as 2-30 m3 / hour, or 1-50%, such as 3-20%, of the time average value of the speed of fate in incoming fate.
It is also possible to control the flow by combining the two options. The first option is preferred.
Start-up: The fan (308) must be switched on and provide a predetermined flow through the appliance to start the heater (322). The flow is measured by the sensor (316) and the control unit (322) will not allow the heater (322) to be started until a certain minimum flow has been reached (threshold value). The valve (31 la) is open. The valve (31 lb) and the valve (3 09a) for inflow of air are closed 10 15 20 25 30 34 PCTtfSE2009 / 005 13 Translation da. The heater (322) is now switched on in 5 + 5 + 5 + 3 + 2 steps so that overheating is avoided with a maximum temperature of 550 ° C which is controlled by sensor T2 (328d). When a stable temperature has been reached within the working interval, the catalyst is ready to receive gas derived from patients.
Normal operation without changing the number of patients: The gas flow is adjusted with the fl spout (308) via the pressure sensor (318) in the inlet arrangement (303) to be above a certain threshold flow which is controlled by the fl fate sensor (316) while keeping the preset negative pressure in the fl desert channel at the negative pressure sensor (318). Disturbances in incoming de fate are taken care of by control functions as stated above.
Switching off the appliance: The fan (308) is on until the temperature sensor (328d) shows <250 ° C, after which the valve (31la) is opened and the valve (31lb) is closed. Ålem Alarm that causes the device to switch off, preferably automatically: a) fl the fate measured by fl the island sensor (316) is below the preset threshold value, b) too low or too high negative pressure level compared to the preset value, c) the temperature at the temperature sensor ( 3 28d) is outside the range for working temperature etc. For alternative c) the shutdown procedure comprises switching off the heater (322) and then, when the temperature at the sensor (328b) is <250 ° C, the valve (31la) is closed followed by (308) is switched off, after which the valve (31 lb) is closed.
Alarms which do not switch off the device: a) too low a relative reduction level of nitrous oxide, typically below 90% downstream of the decomposition chamber (306) (= too high a relative level of nitrous oxide at the same position, typically above 10 %), b) an excessive level of nitrogen oxides other than nitrous oxide downstream of the decomposition chamber (for acceptable levels see elsewhere in this text), c) the pressure drop sensor (320) indicates that the filter has been clogged and needs to be replaced, etc.
Work with service of the appliance: The valve (311a) is opened, the valve (31 lb) is closed and the fan (308) is switched off.
Replacement of Qartikelízlter: The device operates at minimum flow measured at the sensor (316). The air inlet valve (309a) is fully opened, the valve (31la) is opened and the valve (31 lb) is closed. After the filter has been replaced, the valve (31 lb) is closed, the valve (31 la) is opened and the valve (309a) for 15 20 25 30 35 PCT / SE2009 / 005 13 Translation of external gas inlet is closed.
What has been said above in the experimental part on flow control and alarm is also applicable to other important embodiments, e.g. those according to Figures 1 and 2.
EXAMPLE 2. REGENERATIVE HEAT EXCHANGER COUPLED TO A PUFF FILTER The apparatus is the same as described for Figure 2 except that a puff filter containing an adsorbent for nitrous oxide is connected downstream of the regenerative heat exchanger as shown in Figure 4.
Adsorbent for nitrous oxide (442): 10 L particles of extruded carbon based on activated carbon (Exosorb® BXB (diameter 3 mm), Jacobi Carbon AB, Varvsholmen, Kalmar, Sweden).
Heat absorbers (223a and 223b): Each contains 50 L Duranit® Inert bullets 1A ”(Christian Berner AB, PO Box 88, SE 435 22 Mölnlycke, Sweden / Vereignete Fullkörper GmbN, Postfach 552, D-56225 Ransbach-Baumbach, Germany .
Degradation chamber: The same catalyst material as in Example 1.
Time per step in a regenerative cycle in the regenerative heat exchanger: 120 sec between two consecutive turns of the valve (424) (= maximum time for adsorption plus desorption in the puff filter).
Flow in main fl fate (401): 60 m3 / hour through the regenerative heat exchanger (440) (= 17 L / sec).
Adsorption step: Forward flow through the puff filter (438) is 17 L / sec for about 3 sec (= 51 L). Valve (43 9a) is open and valves (445 and 439b) are closed.
Desorption step: Reverse fl fate 2 L / sec which does not contain nitrous oxide for 120 sec minus 3 sec = 1 17 sec. The valve (439a) is closed and the valves (445 and 439b) are open. Based on experiments at 2 L / sec, 120 L of gas depleted in nitrous oxide (exhaled in experiments which reduce the level to 5% in the decomposition chamber (406)) is required to desorb the nitrous oxide adsorbed during the previous adsorption step. This means that the desorption is completed after about 60 seconds, which is more than sufficient compared with the 117 seconds that are available. Depleted in the above-mentioned experiments means a reduction in the level of nitrous oxide to 5% of the starting level.
The function (408) for creating and changing flow in flow line one (401) can be balanced to ensure a predetermined target value for negative pressure at the inlet valve (209, fi g 2) using the control unit. The flow for desorption 2 L / sec is sufficiently low compared to the fl fate in the main fl fate line (401) (17 L / sec) to maintain this balance. Leakage of nitrous oxide to the surrounding atmosphere via the inlet function (209, fi g 2) is not possible as long as the target underpressure at the inlet valve is maintained.
It is understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and omissions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention even though the invention has been described and designated with reference to operational embodiments thereof. The intention is therefore that the invention according to the appended claims comprises equivalents

权利要求:
Claims (1)
[1]
1. 0 15 20 25 30 37 PCT / SE2009 / O05 13 Translation CLAIMS. An apparatus for decomposing a gaseous physiologically active substance, e.g. nitrous oxide present in exhaled air from one or fl your patients inhaling gas containing the substance, comprising a gas fl fate line along which it is located in the downstream order: a) an inlet arrangement which in the upstream direction is capable of being placed in simultaneous gas flow communication with said a several patients, b) a decomposition unit in which there is a flow-through chamber for decomposition in which the substance is to be decomposed, and c) an outlet arrangement, characterized by also comprising a control arrangement for gas comprising a) a gradually adjustable function, such as a fl genuine , pre-adjusting the gas flow passing into the decomposition chamber, and b) an optional function, such as an inlet valve function, which allows adjustment of the gas pressure upstream of the position of said gradually adjustable function. . The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that said control arrangement for gas is capable of maintaining, regardless of the number of patients, gas fl desolate through the decomposition chamber while the decomposition chamber is heated, and b) suppression of gas within a preset range around a desired value in a part of the flow line in the inlet arrangement. . The apparatus according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized by comprising a control unit for i) measuring and controlling the gas fl fate and / or the negative pressure of gas at a position upstream of the decomposition chamber, preferably upstream of the decomposition unit, and / or ii) adjusting said fl fate. to be above or equal to a preset threshold value for fl fate and / or said negative pressure of gas to be above or equal to said preset threshold value for negative pressure of gas and / or within said preset range for negative pressure and / or equal to said preset desired value for negative pressure, said control and / or measurement and / or adjustment advantageously performed automatically by said control unit. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that said control unit comprises i) a detector arrangement for sensing negative pressure upstream of the function for adjusting the speed of fate, and ii) a detector arrangement to sense the fate that results from the action of the function to adjust the flow rate. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said decomposition chamber contains a catalyst material which supports the decomposition of said substance, as selected from catalyst materials comprising alumina supports carrying oxides of at least one metal selected from magnesium, zinc, iron and manganese , with special emphasis on catalyst material that breaks down nitrous oxide to Ng and O 2 when the substance is nitrous oxide. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that said decomposition unit comprises a heat exchanger A in which gas leaving the decomposition chamber is transferred / used to heat gas to be passed into the decomposition chamber, and a heating arrangement B between heat exchanger A and the upstream end of the decomposition chamber, possibly at least partially integrated with the decomposition chamber. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the heat exchanger A is a regenerative heat exchanger. Apparatus according to any one of claims 6-7, characterized in that the decomposition unit comprises a heat exchanger C in which gas cooled in heat exchanger A is further cooled by heat exchange with incoming gas to be heated in heat exchanger A. 9. A method for decomposing a gaseous physiological substance, such as nitrous oxide, present in gas derived from air exhaled by a plurality of patients (one, two or two) inhaled gas containing the substance, the method comprising the steps of: i) providing a decomposition apparatus of the kind the pre-character set is defined in claim 1 comprising a) the control unit according to claim 3, and b) a control arrangement for gas allowing adjustment of the gas flow through the device to be continuously maintained, ii) connecting at least one of said patients to the device, iii) fl pouring said gas from said at least one patient through the inlet arrangement and UI 1 O 15 20 25 30 39 PCT / SE2009 / 00513 Translation by the decomposition unit under conditions, including heating to the process temperature, enabling decomposition of said substance in said decomposition chamber, characterized by a) that said control arrangement for gas comprises A) a gradually adjustable function, such as a kt genuine, for adjusting gas fl fate passing into the decomposition chamber, and B) preferably an inlet valve function which allows adjustment of the gas pressure upstream of the position of said gradually adjustable function, preferably in combination with the control unit according to claim 3, b) that step (iii) comprises changing the number of patients connected to the apparatus at least once and adjusting the flow through the decomposition unit by to use the gradually adjustable function according to (A) to a higher value if the number is increasing and to a lower value if the number is decreasing. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that step (iii) comprises changing the number of patients connected to the device at least once to zero while maintaining flow through the device and heating the decomposition chamber, possibly to a lower temperature compared to the decomposition process temperature. , said maintenance preferably controlled by said control unit. An apparatus suitable for the decomposition of a gaseous physiologically active substance, e.g. nitrous oxide present in exhaled air from one or fl your patients inhaling gas containing the substance, said apparatus comprising a gas fl fate line along which it is located downstream a) an inlet arrangement which in the upstream direction is capable of being placed in simultaneous gas flow communication with said one or more patients, b) a decomposition unit in which there is i) a decomposition chamber for decomposition in which the substance decomposes, and ii) a heating arrangement, c) an outlet arrangement, characterized in that said heating arrangement comprises a regenerative heat exchanger. PCT / SE2009 / 00513 Translation 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that a) the main flow leaving the regenerative heat exchanger comprises repetitive puffs rich in the gaseous substance, and ii) said fl fate line downstream of the regenerative heat exchanger omfatt comprises a puff exchanger fi. which comprises a container in which the gaseous substance is handled for removing the same from said puffs. The apparatus of claim 12, characterized in that said puff filter comprises conduits and valves that allow a) selectively diverting said puffs from the main fate line to said puff filter via a conduit for inlet of said puffs to the container (inlet conduit), wherein said conduit at one end is connected to main fl fate conduit at a position downstream of the regenerative heat exchanger and at its other end to the inlet end of the container, and b) any return of the puffs after removal of the gaseous substance in said container to main flow line a via a puff for outlet of puffs (outlet conduit), said conduit at one end being connected to the outlet end of the container and at its other end to the main fl discharge conduit at a position downstream of the position at which the inlet end is connected. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that said container comprises a nitrous oxide adsorbent which removes nitrous oxide as the puffs pass through the absorbent. The apparatus of claim 14, characterized in that said puff filter comprises conduits and valves allowing passage of desorbent gas through the adsorbent, said conduits comprising a) a first conduit for inlet of desorbent gas to the adsorbent which conduit is connected to closed i) at one of its ends to the outlet end of the adsorbent / container, and ii) at its other end to a source of desorbent gas which source may be the main flow line at a position downstream of the position of the inlet line for puffs, and b) a second line for discharging desorbent gas from the container which line is connected 41 PCT / SE2009 / 005 13 Translation i) at one of its ends to the inlet end of the adsorbent / container, and ii) at its other end to the main fl fate line at a position upstream of the regenerative heat exchanger, with preference For the upstream function to create and / or change the flow in the main flow line, such as a fan.

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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US20110262332A1|2011-10-27|

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SE535047C2|2012-03-27|

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AU2009327610A1|2011-07-14|

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CA2746584A1|2010-06-24|

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EP2379146A1|2011-10-26|

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WO2010071538A1|2010-06-24|

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法律状态:
2015-10-20| OPRJ| Opposition has been rejected|Effective date: 20150416 |

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2018-10-16| CANC| Patent cancelled, revoked after opposition|

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2019-07-30| NUG| Patent has lapsed|

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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SE0802608|2008-12-18|

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SE0802648|2008-12-20|

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US15950109P| true| 2009-03-12|2009-03-12|

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SE1000923A|SE535047C2|2008-12-18|2009-12-14|Apparatus and its use to treat gas|

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PCT/SE2009/000513|WO2010071538A1|2008-12-18|2009-12-14|Apparatus and method for the treatment of gas|SE1000923A| SE535047C2|2008-12-18|2009-12-14|Apparatus and its use to treat gas|